this data is subject to change. performance information is typical. contact duracell for the latest information delivered capacity is dependent on the applied load, operating temperature and cut-off voltage. please refer to the charts and discharge data shown for examples of the energy / service life that the battery will provide for various load conditions. * * 1.5 mm min 7.5 mm max 26.2 24.9 mm 50.0 48.5 mm ( + ) ( ? ) typical discharge characteristics at 21 c (70 f) 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 0 20406080100120140160 service hours voltage 3.9 ohms 6.8 ohms 10 ohms 20 ohms mn1400 size: c (lr14) zn/mno 2 alkaline-manganese dioxide battery dimensions shown are iec/ansi standards nominal voltage: 1.5 v impedance: typical weight: 69 gm (2.4 oz.) typical volume: 26.9 cm 3 (1.6 in. 3 ) terminals: flat operating temperature range: -20 o c to 54 o c (-4 o f to 130 o f) ansi: iec: 14a lr14 operating voltage storage temperature range: 1.6 - 0.75v -20 o c to 35 o c 150 m-ohm @ 1khz mn1400_us_ct.pdf page 1 of 2
specification summary: mm in. mm in. mm in. g oz. cm 3 in 3 ansi iec mn1300 d 1.5 34.2 1.35 61.5 2.42 - - 139 4.90 56.4 3.44 13a lr20 mn1400 c 1.5 26.2 1.03 50 1.97 - - 69.0 2.43 26.9 1.64 14a lr14 mn1500 aa 1.5 14.5 0.57 50.5 1.99 - - 23.8 0.84 8.4 0.51 15a lr6 mn2400 aaa 1.5 10.5 0.41 44.5 1.75 - - 11.0 0.39 3.8 0.23 24a lr03 mn9100 n 1.5 12 0.47 30.2 1.19 - - 9.6 0.34 3.4 0.21 910a lr1 mx1300 d 1.5 34.2 1.35 61.5 2.42 - - 147 5.19 56.4 3.44 13a lr20 mx1400 c 1.5 26.2 1.03 50.0 1.97 - - 71.7 2.53 26.9 1.64 14a lr14 mx1500 aa 1.5 14.5 0.57 50.5 1.99 - - 24.4 0.86 8.4 0.51 15a lr6 mx2400 aaa 1.5 10.5 0.41 44.5 1.75 - - 11.2 0.40 3.8 0.23 24a lr03 mx2500 aaaa 1.5 8.3 0.33 42.5 1.67 - - 6.0 0.21 2.3 0.14 25a lr8d425 mx1604 ultra 9-volt 9 26.5 1.04 48.5 1.91 17.5 0.69 46.5 1.64 22.8 1.39 1604a 6lr61 mn1604 9-volt 9 26.5 1.04 48.5 1.91 17.5 0.69 45.0 1.60 22.8 1.39 1604a 6lr61 7k67 j 6 35.6 1.40 48.5 1.91 9.1 0.36 34.0 1.20 15.7 0.96 1412ap 4lr61 mn908 lantern 6 67.0 2.64 115 4.53 67.0 2.64 612 21.6 501.8 30.6 908a 4lr25x mn918 lantern 6 136.5 5.37 127 5.00 73.0 2.87 1270 44.8 1243.5 75.9 918a 4lr25-2 mn1203 lantern 4.5 62.0 2.44 67.0 2.64 22.0 0.87 154 5.43 91.4 5.58 - 3lr12 MN21 cylindrical 12 10.3 0.41 28.5 1.12 - - 7.40 0.26 2.30 0.14 - - (1) operating temperature range is -20oc to 54oc (-4of to 130of) (2) dimensions are iec/ansi standards. other selected multicell batteries diameter ultra cylindrical cells selected products height nominal voltage (v) primary cells & batteries alkaline duracell product number maximum duracell ? alkaline-manganese dioxide batteries are a popular choice for most consumer, industrial, and military applications where an economical, general purpose battery is required. advantages include high energy output, reliability, long shelf life, and good low temperature performance. (1) the duracell ? alkaline battery system is generally available in cylindrical and multicell configurations. cross reference standard cylindrical cells length height width diameter size nominal volume dimensions (2) maximum height maximum nominal weight
1 alkaline-manganese dioxide introduction duracell pioneered the alkaline-manganese dioxide electrochemical system nearly 40 years ago. in the 1960-1970 decade, this battery system rapidly became the popular choice of designers in the ever-widening field of consumer electronics. the product information and test data included in this technical bulletin repre- sent duracell s newest alkaline battery products. the zinc/potassium hydroxide/manganese dioxide cells, commonly called alkaline or alkaline-manganese dioxide cells, have a higher energy output than zinc-carbon (leclanche) cells. other significant advantages are longer shelf life, better leakage resistance, and superior low temperature performance. in comparison to the zinc-carbon cell, the alkaline cell delivers up to ten times the ampere-hour capacity at high and continuous drain conditions, with its performance at low temperatures also being superior to other conventional aqueous electrolyte primary cells. its more effective, secure seal provides excellent resistance to leakage and corrosion. the use of an alkaline electrolyte, electrolytically prepared manganese dioxide, and a more reactive zinc powder contribute to a higher initial cost than zinc-carbon cells. however, due to the longer service life, the alkaline cell is actually more cost-effective based upon cost-per-hour usage, particularly with high drains and continuous discharge. the high-grade, energy-rich materials composing the anode and cathode, in conjunc- tion with the more conductive alkaline electrolyte, produce more energy than could be stored in standard zinc- carbon cell sizes general characteristics the general characteristics listed below are a summary of the significant benefits of the alkaline man- ganese dioxide system. each of the benefits is explained in greater detail subsequently in section 5. this sum- mary provides the designer with general guidelines for evaluating the alkaline-manganese dioxide system for a particular application. benefits include: up to ten times the service life of regular zinc-car- bon cells. long service life at continuous, high drain discharge. no need for ?est periods. low internal resistance. rugged, shock-resistant construction. cost-effective on a cost-per-hour-of-service basis. good low temperature performance. excellent leakage resistance. long shelf life. worldwide availability at retail.
8 alkaline-manganese dioxide mn1300 d 1.5 15.000 10 0.304 0.138 3.440 0.056 59.2 130 5.2 322 mn1400 c 1.5 7.800 20 0.143 0.065 1.640 0.027 65.5 144 5.7 347 mn1500 aa 1.5 2.850 43 0.052 0.024 0.510 0.008 65.8 143 6.7 428 mn2400 aaa 1.5 1.150 75 0.024 0.011 0.230 0.004 57.5 126 6.0 345 mn9100 n 1.5 0.800 100 0.021 0.010 0.210 0.003 45.7 96 4.6 320 7k67 j 6.0 0.580 340 0.075 0.034 0.960 0.016 37.2 82 2.9 174 mn908 lantern 6.0 11.500 15 1.349 0.612 30.620 0.502 40.9 90 1.8 110 mn918 lantern 6.0 24.000 9 2.800 1.270 75.880 1.243 41.1 91 1.5 93 mn1604 9v 9.0 0.580 620 0.101 0.046 1.390 0.023 41.4 91 3.0 182 product nominal rated typical gravimetric typical volumetric number size voltage capacity* load weight volume energy density** energy density cubic watt-hours watt-hours watt hours watt hours volts ampere-hours ohms pounds kilograms inches liters per pound per kilogram per cubic inch per liter 5.5 internal resistance 5.6 energy density performance characteristics (cont.) performance of alkaline and regular zinc-carbon cells is compared in figure 9 , showing the ??size cell at 70? (21?) and 32? (0?). figure 9a shows ?a cell performance under the same conditions. the alka- line cell will maintain a higher voltage for considerably longer than the regular zinc-carbon cell, resulting in a service life at lower temperatures which is up to ten times that of the regular zinc-carbon cell. alkaline cells, because of their compact construc- tion and highly conductive electrolyte, have low internal resistance, usually less than 1 ohm. the low internal resistance characteristic is a benefit in applications involving high current pulses. unlike regular zinc-carbon cells, alkaline cells do not require rest periods between pulses and maintain their low internal resistance, increasing only at the very end of useful life. energy density is a measure of available energy in terms of weight and volume. it is the ratio of a cell s capacity to either its volume or weight and can be used to evaluate a cell s performance. table 1 is a summary of the major alkaline product types comparing both volumetric energy density and gravimetric energy density. volumetric energy density is an important factor where battery size is the primary design consideration. gravimetric energy density becomes important where weight of the battery is critical, such as in portable computers and cellular phones. the values shown in this table are typical for each cell size. actual energy output will vary, dependent mostly on drain rates applied. * to 0.8v per cell at 21? (70?). ** based on 1.2 volt average operating voltage per cell at 21? (70?). table 1. comparison of typical energy densities of major duracell alkaline cells/batteries. to determine the practical energy density of a cell under specific conditions of load and temperature, multiply the ampere-hour capacity that the cell delivers under those conditions by the average discharge volt- age, and divide by cell volume or weight. gravimetric energy density: (drain in amperes x service hours) x average discharge voltage = watt-hours weight of cell in pounds or kilograms pound or kilogram volumetric energy density: (drain in amperes x service hours) x average discharge voltage = watt-hours volume of cell in cubic inches or liters cubic inch or liter
11 alkaline-manganese dioxide batteries should be stored at temperatures between 50? (10?) and 77? (25?), with relative humidity not exceeding 65 percent. refrigeration of alkaline batteries is not necessary because of their very good capacity retention. excessive temperature cycling and storage at temperatures greater than 77? (25?) should be avoided to maximize shelf life. discharged batteries should be removed from equipment to prevent possible damage. batteries should be removed from a device when it is not expected to be in use for several months. batteries should also be removed from equipment while it is being powered by household (ac) current. always replace all batteries at the same time since batteries in series, in different states of discharge, may eventually drive the weakest battery into voltage reversal with progressive risk of leak age or rupture. mixing battery systems, such as alkaline with zinc-carbon, may also result in voltage reversal and should be avoided. always replace the battery or batteries in your equipment with the size and type of battery specified by the equipment manufacturer. keep batteries away from small children. if swallowed, consult a physician at once. (for information on treatment, telephone the national capital poison center, washington, d.c., at 202-625-3333 collect.) 7.2 proper usage and handling 7.1 storage conditions duracell alkaline batteries-with their superi- or drain rate characteristics good shelf storage life low internal resistance, and wide operating temperature range-are a popular choice for many portable power applications. the most common uses are found in the consumer market, in applications such as photographic equipment, remote control devices, toys, electronic games, flashlights, tape recorders, home health care devices, radios, shavers, clocks, calculators and comput- ers. alkaline cells also have significant application presence in the industrial and government sectors. some industrial applications include portable medical and industrial instrumentation, portable and emergency lighting products, communications equipment, and portable electrical measurement devices. military applica- tions include a variety of communication devices and general instrumentation. duracell is actively involved in the development of battery products that can power applications current- ly utilizing rechargeable batteries or ac power, such as notebook computers, handheld cellular phones, cam- corders, power tools, and more. the goal of this devel- opment program is to provide customers with a primary battery option where needed. applications battery care all batteries listed in this bulletin are of the primary type and are not designed to be recharged. attempts to recharge an alkaline battery may cause an imbalance within the cell, leading to gassing and possi- bly explosion on either charge or discharge cycles. 7.3 charging
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